Chronoamperometric study of conformational relaxation in PPy(DBS).

In conjugated polymer devices that switch from one oxidation level to another, such as artificial muscles, it is important to understand memory effects that stem from conformational relaxation movements of the polymer chains. Chronoamperometry during electrochemical switching of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate, PPy(DBS), is used to gain insight into the conformational relaxation processes in cation-transporting materials. During oxidation, the current decays exponentially with a time constant that decreases with the anodic voltage. During reduction, there is again an exponentially decaying current with a time constant that decreases with the cathodic voltage, but superimposed on that is a small current peak that increases in size with the voltage. This peak accounts for a maximum of approximately 20% of the total reduction charge, which is approximately the same amount of charge that is in the most cathodic pair of peaks in the cyclic voltammogram. The position of this peak depends logarithmically on the applied cathodic potential (shifting to shorter times with larger Eca) as well as on the anodic potential that was applied just prior to the reduction step (shifting to longer times with Ean). Furthermore, the shoulder position depends logarithmically on the time that the prior anodic voltage was held (shifting to longer times with twait). These results are consistent with the electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation (ESCR) model.